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--- drone_communications [2022/09/28 01:16] – [Wireless Electronic Protocol Stack] jhagstrand
+++ drone_communications [2023/09/10 02:32] (current) – [Cellular] jhagstrand
@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
   * Sensor readings: GPS, compass, altimeter, speed, orientation
   * Battery charge level
+Three sets of data to be communicated
+  - flight commands, radio to drone
+  - Telmetry, drone to GCS
+  - Video stream, drone to GCS
 ===== Three transmission types =====
@@ Line 142: / Line 148: @@
 an internet is a connection of two or more local networks\\
 "the Internet" is the global connection of every computer and device on the planet\\
+== port forwarding ==
+Through port forwarding you can make a device in your home available to the public internet.
+devices in your home have a local IP address assigned by the Access Port\\
+if the Access Port has an internet connection, then the host server will also assign a global IP address\\
+but that address is used internally only, it is NOT available publicly,\\
+UNLESS you do port forwarding\\
+Managing a local network.
 == Internet of Things (IoT) ==
@@ Line 166: / Line 184: @@
 So now the question is, how to get a WiFi radio and IP into each drone.
+===== WiFi =====
+WiFi - is a family of wireless network protocols, based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards,
+which are commonly used for local area networking of devices and Internet access, allowing nearby digital devices to exchange data by radio waves.
+WiFi is NOT short for "wireless fidelity".  It is a meaningless term made up by a marketing firm, hired by the IEEE.
+WiFi and Ethernet work closely together.  A household internet router usually a WiFi hub and four or five Ethernet ports on one device.
+Sibling, inter-operable protocols
+  * IEEE 802.11, WiFi, wireless
+  * IEEE 802.03, Ethernet, wired
+Bluetooth is similar to WiFi but with a short 10-meter range. \\
+It was once standardized by IEEE as 802.15, but is now maintained by the Bluetooth SIG, not by IEEE. \\
+A WiFi module often supports Bluetooth as well, and they can share the antenna. \\
+==== WiFi Module ====
+A microcontroller that implements WiFi protocol.
+Note:
+  * microcontroller - CPU, memory, IO, self-contained in one chip
+  * microprocessor - CPU only, memory and IO connected externally on a motherboard
+=== ESP8266 ===
+A widely-used WiFi module made by Espressif Systems in Shanghai China. \\
+As of 2014 an SDK is available, so it can be programmed and used as a standalone microcontroller. \\
+And therefore it is popular in IoT. \\
+It's local IP address is 192.168.4.1
+version history
+  - ESP-01
+  - ESP8266
+  - ESP32 family
+    * ESP32-C3 is pin-compatible with ESP8266
+The ESP8266 uses serial communications: one pin in (RX), one pin out (TX).
+The ESP8266 AT command set:\\
+https://content.instructables.com/ORIG/F0H/30XP/ILGVEEE5/F0H30XPILGVEEE5.pdf
+AT (Attention) commands, were created by Dennis Hayes for his 300 baud modem in 1981.
+Tutorial: Use an ESP8266 to control an LED over the internet \\
+https://maker.pro/esp8266/tutorial/esp8266-tutorial-how-to-control-anything-from-the-internet
+== ESP8266 Development Board ==
+There are several "development" boards available which include an ESP8266 plus additional components.
+  * Wemos D1 Mini
+  * NodeMCU
+  * Adafruit Heather Huzzah
+  * ESP8266 Thing Development Board, has onboard FTDI USB-to-Serial chip
+==== WiFi Direct (P2P) ====
+Create an Access Point (AP) that allows only one connection. \\
+Not used as a hub, but used for point-to-point communications between two devices.
+===== Speeds =====
+Hz - hertz, a measure of bandwidth \\
+bps - bitrate, limited by bandwidth and SNR \\
+==== RC ====
+MHz (older analog RC gear in the US)  \\
+MHz (older analog RC gear in Europe)  \\
+MHz (RC and telemetry, in Europe)  \\
+-915 MHz (video and telemetry, in the US)  \\
+.3 GHz (video)  \\
+.4 GHz (digital RC gear, video and telemetry)  \\
+.8 GHz (video)  \\
+https://diydrones.com/profiles/blogs/some-tips-on-picking-frequencies
+==== Cellular =====
+G  \\
+G  \\
+G  \\
+G - theoretical max: 10 GHz  \\
+=== 5G vs 5GHz ===
+G - 5th generation cellular networks, a marketing term designed to be vague and misleading \\
+GHz - a wifi band at 5000 hertz, as opposed to the alternative 2.4 GHz \\
+==== Wifi ====
+.4 GHz  \\
+GHz
+==== ESP32-C5 ====
+The ESP32-C5 comes with dual-band WiFi 6 (802.11ax) and still has the backward compatible 802.11b/g/n.
+//Has this been used with Arduino at 5 GHz?//
+https://www.espboards.dev/blog/connect-esp32-to-5ghz-wifi/
+==== Espressif ====
+The company that makes the ESP chips and boards.\\
+Open source. \\
+IPO on Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) in June 2019.\\
+https://www.espressif.com/en